Derestricted
FTAA.ecom/05
November 1, 2002
FTAA – Joint Government-Private
Sector Committee of Government Representatives on Electronic Commerce
Third Report with Recommendations
INTRODUCTION
The FTAA Joint Government-Private Sector Committee of Experts on
Electronic Commerce (“the Joint Committee”) was established by the Western
Hemisphere Trade Ministers, and was instructed by the Trade Negotiations
Committee to “make recommendations to ministers on how to increase and
broaden the benefits of electronic commerce and, in particular, how
electronic commerce should be dealt with in the context of the FTAA
negotiations.” Participation in the Joint Committee is open to all FTAA
governments. Private sector representatives with expertise in the issues
under discussion have also been invited by government representatives to
attend and participate in the Joint Committee’s meetings.
The Joint Committee has already held, in two previous terms, useful
discussions on a diverse range of issues. As noted in its second report,
the Joint Committee pursues its mandate by considering, in a
non-negotiating context, how e-commerce can be facilitated throughout the
Hemisphere in the common interest. The Joint Committee’s Second Report to
Ministers contained a list of suggestions for future work. With these
suggestions in mind, the third term of the Joint Committee, under the
leadership of Chair Catherine Dickson of Canada, and Vice-Chair Hugo
Gallegos of Peru, developed a work plan which included meetings dedicated
to three substantive topics including issues related to the digital
divide, consumer protection, and e-government and other issues.
These issues were addressed through the presentation of national
experiences and lessons learned, as well as discussions on relevant
cross-border aspects. Trade-related aspects of e-commerce and the Joint
Committee’s role within the context of the FTAA negotiations was also
raised by several delegations. Again this year, the Joint Committee was
greatly assisted in its work by the valuable contributions of the
Tripartite Committee who conducted two surveys of ongoing work in other
international fora that are relevant to the Joint Committee. Specifically,
they prepared a review of ongoing work on the trade-related aspects of
e-commerce (document FTAA.ecom/w/21/Rev.3) and on the role of e-commerce
on the social and economic development in the region (document FTAA.ecom/w/25/Rev.1).
Following is a substantive review of the discussions under each of the
general topics.
MEETING XI: DIGITAL DIVIDE
The topic of the 11th Meeting (October 24-26, 2001) of the Joint Committee
was the Digital Divide. Three days were allocated for presentations of
issues related to this topic including: a) access and infrastructure; b)
SMEs; c) cooperation and mechanisms to reduce the digital divide,
education, training of labour and business; d) authentication,
certification, electronic signature; e) payment systems; f) obstacles and
asymmetries; and g) other related issues. All countries confirmed that
they had significant concerns on the issue.
Countries reviewed the issue of the Digital Divide and policies being
developed and implemented to address this in various international fora.
The G8 Dot Force and the United Nations ICT Task Force were identified as
two key initiatives aimed at bridging the Digital Divide. Several
interdependent elements were also identified that, if addressed together,
would help to increase digital opportunities. These elements included:
advancing the development of information infrastructures and broadening
access; enhancing training; increasing availability of relevant content;
encouraging use of information technologies to address social needs such
as education and health care; creating an appropriate legal environment
for e-commerce; and promoting e-government.
Representatives from a number of countries reviewed general and specific
issues and challenges related to the digital divide that directly affect
their countries, and outlined the national efforts aimed at addressing
these issues.
There is a digital divide that is directly related to the socio-economic
differences within and between the FTAA member countries.
The delegations understand that the FTAA will yield greater benefits for
the parties if the current differences in technological development
between the member countries, where information and communication
technologies (ICTs) should be seen as tools that are indispensable for
development and not as ends in and of themselves, are minimized.
The incorporation of ICTs and the implementation of specific models by the
FTAA member countries should be in consideration of the specific realities
of the countries and the socio-economic differences between them.
International discussions of digital divide issues and domestic efforts in
individual countries are increasingly taking on coordinated and
comprehensive efforts to close the digital divide. Among specific issues
identified as relevant to the digital divide were: infrastructure and
access; training and development of abilities; development of content;
encouragement of research and development, and the local production of
hardware and software; implementation of on-line credit card payment
systems; innovative programs to broaden the use of information technology
and the internet in schools; and benefits arising from close cooperation
between government and business on key aspects of e-commerce.
National programs and international efforts across the region, that were
discussed, are attempting to address the full range of issues that are
essential to convert the digital divide into digital opportunities. The
focus has moved from simple access to coordinated and interdependent
policies, and in particular, access to improve health, education and
economic development.
The importance of the role of information and communication technology in
development was highlighted. Delegations recognized the existence of
numerous alternative access devices and the need to promote affordable
access and infrastructure deployment through a pro-competitive
telecommunications and information marketplace. Delegations also
recognized the work of the International Telecommunications Union,
Study Group on Promotion of Infrastructure and Use of the Internet in
Developing Countries and by the OECD Committee for Information, Computer
and Communications Policy (ICCP). The Joint Committee further
recognized that governments may also play a critical role in assisting in
providing connectivity for those segments of society that are falling
behind or most at risk by supplementing competition policies with targeted
support for underserved groups.
Efforts to encourage IT training and provide greater end-user and teacher
training were also identified as critical to convert the digital divide
into digital opportunities. Discussions focused on the importance of
developing human capacity through the use of education and IT training, as
a means to generate a pool of qualified IT users and professionals. By
giving both end users and teachers the appropriate IT skills, it is
possible to create a workforce that will be highly adaptable to changing
technologies, and therefore, more competitive in the new global digital
economy. In response, a variety of governmental programs, and
public/private partnerships, have been established across the region,
geared towards both businesses and citizens.
In addition to education and training, discussions recognized the
importance of encouraging the utilization of electronic commerce and
motivating end users to participate. In order for e-commerce to be
successful, users must find applications and content that they want and
will find useful. Business and the public will make the effort to take
advantage of digital opportunities only if they find that e-commerce meets
their needs and provides them with value. Business applications must
provide ‘value-added’ by providing new or different business
opportunities, or making operations easier or more efficient and citizens
must be given access to new or different information, or better goods or
services, or cheaper or better products. E-government attracts users to
the internet by putting valuable content and government services online.
This makes transactions more efficient and thus encourages businesses and
individuals to participate in e-commerce, also making e-government
functions more efficient. Content must also be available in a form that
users recognize and find culturally appropriate. For that reason, the
development of local and regional content within the FTAA framework is
important to reduce the digital divide and create digital opportunities
across the Hemisphere.
Recommendations by the Joint Committee:
1. FTAA countries should encourage the existence of close
cooperation, domestically and within the hemisphere, among governments,
business, and citizens -- the stakeholders -- in identifying and
addressing all the factors necessary to reduce the digital divide and take
full advantage of digital opportunities.
2. FTAA countries should cooperate within the hemisphere to
encourage the establishment of public/private partnerships geared towards
citizens and businesses, and designed to:
a) broaden access to, and
promote development of, information infrastructures,
b) encourage the use of information technologies and e-commerce,
c) promote digital opportunities resulting from the growth in electronic
commerce by framing laws and regulations that govern the main aspects of
international electronic commerce among the countries of the hemisphere,
and
d) advance the use of information technologies to meet social needs,
such as education and medical care.
3. FTAA countries
should promote policies aimed at closing the digital divide, by supporting
the continued development of e-commerce within small and medium
enterprises (SMEs) and rural sectors, and should provide for the
corresponding training programs.
4. FTAA countries should consider mechanisms to measure progress
made by the various sectors in closing the digital divide.
5. FTAA countries should promote the availability of alternative
internet access devices and affordable access and infrastructure, and
recognize that promoting competition in information and communication
technologies is important to improving access. Further, FTAA countries
should support, sponsor and execute community access projects that will
facilitate wide-spread use of the internet at reasonable prices, taking
into account the economic reality of our countries.
6. Concrete efforts should be made to improve and broaden the level
of education and the training provided to professionals and technicians in
the use of new technologies.
7. Domestic stimulus programs should be considered, to encourage
technological developments in each member country to enable the
incorporation of technologies into local processes, spur innovation and to
create new entrepreneurial ventures.
8. Concrete actions should be identified domestically to stimulate
the production of local information and online content, to be accessed via
the Internet.
MEETING XII: CONSUMER PROTECTION
The topic of the 12th Meeting (February 13-15, 2002) of the Joint
Committee was Consumer Protection, including the following issues: a)
security, privacy, protection from fraud, contracts; b) authentication,
certification, electronic signature; c) dispute resolution; d) obstacles
and asymmetries; and e) other related issues. Presentations were made by
delegations on a number of issues related to this topic and emphasised
that an essential precondition to the continued and expanded use of
e-commerce is ensuring consumer confidence in this new means of
transacting business.
It was recognized that consumers’ concerns about e-commerce transactions
include technical and legal security of the transaction, privacy of
personal information submitted to the commercial enterprise, and the
trustworthiness of the merchant. FTAA governments recognize that
addressing these concerns satisfactorily would stimulate e-commerce
growth.
National and international initiatives, by both governments and the
private sector, were identified to address consumer protection in the
electronic marketplace, including issues related to: (1) legal framework
and electronic contracts; (2) data protection and privacy policy; and (3)
electronic signatures. The issue of jurisdiction and applicable law for
dispute settlement for e-commerce transactions was identified as critical
to consumer confidence. Solutions at the international level would help to
achieve our shared goals of global e-commerce growth, consumer confidence
and predictability of transactions.
Elements of a coordinated national approach to the issue of on-line
consumer protection, and to increasing consumer confidence in e-commerce
were also identified. These include: (1) government implementation and
enforcement of laws prohibiting fraudulent or misleading conduct; (2)
private sector initiatives; (3) consumer and business education; and (4)
international cooperation. With respect to cross-border supply of
services, standards and interoperability between foreign and domestic
electronic payments systems were identified as important. In addition, it
was recognized that approaches to consumer protection vary among FTAA
countries.
As discussed during the 12th meeting, and recognized by the Committee in
the prior reports to the Trade Ministers, an essential prerequisite to the
continued and expanded use of e-commerce is ensuring consumer confidence.
The following recommendations build on those in the first Report to Trade
Ministers by incorporating ideas raised during this session. They are key
elements for building consumer confidence in domestic and international
e-commerce throughout the hemisphere.
Recommendations by the Joint Committee:
1. FTAA countries should protect consumers, both domestic and
international, from illegal, fraudulent, deceptive, and unfair on-line
practices through cooperation and information sharing among consumer
protection authorities.
2. FTAA countries should foster an environment for developing and
implementing secure and effective electronic payment systems and
protections that are easily available to the business community and
consumers and that maximizes the benefits of electronic commerce and
enhances its growth.
3. FTAA countries should consider working with industry and
consumer groups in multilateral venues to address e-commerce issues and to
encourage the development of compatible legal and policy frameworks for
consumer protection. Promote consumer and business education about the
risks and benefits of conducting transactions online and utilize the
experience and resources of consumer and industry groups to supplement
government education programs. Encourage industry and consumer groups to
refer consumer complaints, as appropriate, to law enforcement agencies.
4. FTAA countries should consider cooperating in the establishment
of mechanisms for enhancing consumer confidence in e-commerce, including
guidelines on consumer protection, which could assist FTAA countries in
their eventual review of current consumer protection, consumers in
determining what they should look for when shopping online, and the
private sector in adopting self-regulatory measures such as codes of
conduct and trustmark programs. To achieve these goals, delegations are
encouraged to consider completion of the survey on approaches to consumer
protection so that the results can be compiled.
5. FTAA countries should promote and cooperate in developing
industry, consumer, and government joint initiatives to provide consumers
with fair and timely means to settle disputes arising through e-commerce
and obtain redress without undue cost or burden to the consumer and to the
extent possible, should utilize online technologies and platforms to
promote efficiency and accessibility.
6. Efforts should also be made to strengthen the ability of the
competent authorities in consumer protection, to process claims arising as
a result of electronic commerce.
MEETING XIII: E-GOVERNMENT AND OTHER ISSUES
The topic of the 13th Meeting (June 3-5, 2002) of the Joint Committee was
e-government and other issues including: a) national experiences on
collection of taxes and duties on line; b) information sharing; c)
e-procurement; d) production of local digital content and online
distribution of government services and government content; e) trade
related aspects; f) obstacles and asymmetries; and g) other related issues
to e-government.
Several delegations noted that e-government is an effective tool to help
achieve modernization of the State, share government information and
facilitate transparency of administrative processes. E-government can
enhance traditional government functions through greater efficiencies and
improvements in the delivery of services; increased public participation
in decision-making; greater transparency in the availability of
information to the public and accountability of government officials; and
improved interaction with business: licensing and domestic regulation,
procurement, tax collection, commercial assistance and trade facilitation
activities.
There was general agreement that e-government involves more than putting
existing government services, processes and procedures on the Internet.
Several delegations agreed that substantial re-engineering of government’s
products and processes around citizens and business would be needed to
take full advantage of the opportunities offered to governments to
efficiently implement programs and policies and to meet objectives.
However, delegations recognized that e-government should be implemented
gradually and that there is no single model to develop e-government. The
Joint Committee recognized that e-government is an evolutionary process
and that FTAA Governments are increasingly devoting capital and human
resources to its development. Governments across the hemisphere have made
the adoption of ICT tools and associated institutional reforms a high
priority. Delegations shared the perspective that this would require
ongoing political will and commitment to implement policies in government
so that cross-cutting government-wide processes and information could be
available on-line. Further, delegations noted that successful e-government
initiatives involve an enterprise vision: a set of common standards or
operating procedures that all sub units will follow, and an enterprise
architecture to transform processes and systems that cut across the
organization. A number of challenges to implementing e-government were
identified by delegations, such as: the implementation cost and
organizational structure required; lack of ICT skills; and the particular
difficulty faced by smaller countries with limited internet availability
and geographically diverse populations. Numerous governments shared
information about pilot projects that they have developed in key areas of
national priority to build broad support and credibility for e-government.
Despite challenges, e-government tools are being embraced by leaders at
all levels to help accelerate economic integration and development, and to
better compete in the global economy. The importance of e-government to
facilitating trade, for example by on-line procurement, was identified.
While most countries consider the development of e-government to be
national programs, in this globally interdependent and integrated world of
trade and commerce, the benefits and efficiencies of e-government extend
beyond national borders.
Many e-government programs and initiatives affect the way governments
relate to their citizens and users of the service, including business and
industry. Examples include e-government initiatives designed to provide
one source for users of the service to find, fill-out, submit, and receive
approval for all government-required forms, permits, etc.; government-wide
integrated procurement systems in which vendors can go to one place to
find procurement opportunities, submit proposals and close deals; and
initiatives to ensure inter-operability among existing business systems
and governments to ensure cross-border communication, thereby eliminating
the need for multiple reporting, and reducing user transaction costs.
Initiatives such as these are transforming government-to-business
interaction, both in terms of the content and form of information and
assistance, practices and procedures.
As the Joint e-commerce Committee has examined throughout its discussions,
the efficiencies and expanded reach of global e-commerce can be an engine
of economic and trade integration. A fully integrated, inter-operable
e-trade environment would benefit governments, business and civil society.
E-government can foster global e-commerce and trade by facilitating and
streamlining international trade. The Joint Committee and other
international fora have been exploring the benefits of e-government,
establishing dialogues to share information about experiences and
successful models for e-government, and examining the relationship between
e-government and economic development. The Joint Committee recognizes the
value of international discussions that are focusing on sharing practical
information and learning on e-government. In this respect, the Committee
took note of the Pacific Council on International Policy’s, Working Group
on E-government in the Developing World, which produced The Roadmap for
E-government in The Developing World: 10 Questions E-government Leaders
Should Ask Themselves, a series of guidelines that e-government leaders
can adopt, and adapt to their particular circumstances, in developing
e-government strategies.
Recommendations by the Joint Committee:
1. FTAA countries should recognize that e-government and e-commerce
can foster international trade.
2. FTAA countries should recognize that e-government can facilitate
transparency, simplification, effectiveness and efficiency of government
processes.
3. FTAA countries should recognize that e-government involves more than
putting existing government services, processes and procedures on the
Internet and that substantial re-engineering of government’s products and
processes around citizens and business would be needed to take full
advantage of the opportunities offered to governments to efficiently
implement programs and policies and to meet objectives.
4. FTAA countries should recognize that e-government initiatives with the
most likelihood of success are those which have a clearly defined
objective, that are developed in cooperation with users to reflect their
needs and priorities, and that have project performance benchmarks. The
e-government initiatives should be developed in phases or as discrete
projects, and involve substantial re-engineering of government products
and processes with a user-centred focus rather than a focus on the
organization of government, seeking to transform the processes and systems
that cut across the organization by incorporating new technologies.
CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE FUTURE
Members of the Joint Committee have benefited tremendously from the
exchange of information and national experiences that has been shared over
the last three sessions. There are different points of view about the
future work of the Committee. Some delegations question what activities
and purpose are still relevant for the Committee and suggest that the
function of the group be re-defined. Some delegations raised the issue of
whether or not the committee should remain domiciled in the FTAA,
transferred to another venue (OAS or Summit Process), or be eliminated.
Some delegations understand that the approach to e-commerce should move
from discussion, to action. Programs should be designed to assist the FTAA
countries in harnessing the benefits of e-commerce, and developing tools
necessary to implement the FTAA. In this sense, some delegations consider
that in compliance with the Ministerial mandate, it is essential that the
Joint Committee continue its work within the FTAA with a new working
agenda, which includes the suggestions and recommendations that came out
of the discussions held within the Committee, and other topics related to
electronic commerce.
Some delegations propose that examination of the following topics could be
considered during the next period: a) designing or developing guidelines
or recommendations on e-commerce for the governments of the Hemisphere,
such as, for example, to assist countries in their implementation of their
domestic electronic commerce laws and eventual review of current consumer
protection laws; and b) projects that deliver practical business solutions
to facilitate e-commerce and trade. Some delegations consider that the
Committee, during its fourth term, should examine and make recommendations
on how e-commerce should be dealt with in the context of the FTAA
negotiations, in accordance with the mandate received at the Buenos Aires
Ministerial.
Some delegations understand that there was not sufficient substantive
discussion, which would make it possible to define a new work program, and
therefore they understand that it is not possible to express an opinion at
this time as to whether or not the Joint Committee should continue.
These issues should be addressed for clarification and resolution at the
Quito Ministerial, unless they are resolved at the TNC in Santo Domingo.
ANNEX
LIST OF POSSIBLE DOCUMENTS FOR POSTING ON THE PUBLIC FTAA SITE
Descriptor Date / Fecha |
Country / País |
Title / Título |
Original Language /
Idioma Original |
FTAA.ecom/inf/101 24
October / octubre 2001 |
Canada Canadá |
The Small vs. Large
Business Divide:Overcoming Barriers & Identifying Solutions for
Canadian SMEs La Brecha entre las Grandes y Pequeñas Empresas: Cómo
Superar Barreras e Identificar Soluciones para las PYMES Canadienses |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/102 24
October / octubre 2001 |
United States Estados
Unidos |
Increasing Digital
Opportunity Cómo Aumentar la Oportunidad Digital |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/103 24
October / octubre 2001 |
United States Estados
Unidos |
Information Technology -
Literacy and Training Tecnología de la Información - Aprendizaje y
Capacitación |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/104 24
October / octubre 2001 |
United States Estados
Unidos |
Educational Innovation and
Digital Opportunity Innovación Educativa y Oportunidades Digitales |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/104/Add.1 24
October / octubre 2001 |
United States Estados
Unidos |
Educational Innovation and
Digital Opportunity Innovación Educativa y Oportunidades Digitales |
English - Spanish Inglés -
Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/104/Add.1/Rev.1
24 October / octubre 2001 |
United States Estados
Unidos |
Educational Innovation and
Digital Opportunity Innovación Educativa y Oportunidades Digitales |
English - Spanish Inglés -
Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/105 24
October / octubre 2001 |
United States Estados
Unidos |
Developing and Broadening
Access to Information Technologies in the United States Expansión y
Ampliación del Acceso a las Tecnologías de la Información en Estados
Unidos |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/106 24
October / octubre 2001 |
United States Estados
Unidos |
International Efforts to
Foster Digital Opportunities Esfuerzos Internacionales para Promover
las Oportunidades Digitales |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/107 24
October / octubre 2001 |
Brazil Brasil |
The Digital Divide and
Brazil La Brecha Digital y Brasil |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/108 24
October / octubre 2001 |
Uruguay |
Internet Payment Server
Servidores de Pago para Internet |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/109 24
October / octubre 2001 |
Argentina |
CABASE Study Estudio
CABASE |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/109/Add.1 24
October / octubre 2001 |
Argentina |
Reference Document -
CABASE Study Documento de Referencia Estudio CABASE |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/109/Add.1/Rev.1
24 October / octubre 2001 |
Argentina |
Reference Document -
CABASE Study Documento de Referencia - Estudio CABASE |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/110 24
October / octubre 2001 |
Ecuador |
Digital Divide Brecha
Digital |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/111 24
October / octubre 2001 |
Peru Perú |
Digital Divide: The
Situation in Peru and the Role of the State Brecha Digital: Situación
y Rol del Estado en el Perú |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/112 24
October / octubre 2001 |
Colombia |
The Digital Divide Brecha
Digital |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/113 24
October / octubre 2001 |
Andean Community Comunidad
Andina |
The Andean Community
Perspective on the Digital Divide Perspectiva de la Comunidad Andina
sobre la Brecha Digital |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/118 15
February / febrero 2002 |
United States Estados
Unidos |
The U.S. Approach to
Consumer Protection in the online world Enfoque Estadounidense acerca
de la Protección al Consumidor en el Mundo en Línea |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/119 13
February / febrero 2002 |
Mexico México |
PROFECO in the Context of
Electronic Commerce La PROFECO en el Contexto del Comercio Electrónico |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/121 15
February / febrero 2002 |
United States Estados
Unidos |
Background Document
Documento de Referencia |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/122 13
February / febrero 2002 |
United States Estados
Unidos |
The U.S. Approach to
Consumer Protection in the Online World El Enfoque Estadounidense
Hacia la Protección al Consumidor en el Mundo en Línea |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/123 14
February / febrero 2002 |
United States Estados
Unidos |
Survey on Consumer
Protection Encuesta sobre protección al consumidor |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/124 14
February / febrero 2002 |
Peru Perú |
Peru’s Legal Framework for
Electronic Commerce and Some Implications for Consumer Protection
Marco Legal Peruano en Comercio Electrónico y Algunas Implicancias en
la Protección al Consumidor |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/126 27
February / febrero 2002 |
Brazil Brasil |
E-commerce and Consumer
Protection Legal Aspects Comercio Electrónico y Aspectos Legales de
Protección al Consumidor |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/127 27
February / febrero 2002 |
Brazil Brasil |
Consumer Protection and
Defense in Electronic Commerce Protección y Defensa del Consumidor en
el Comercio Electrónico |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/128 22 March
/ marzo 2002 |
Colombia |
Some Views on Consumer
Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce Algunas
Consideraciones sobre la Protección al Consumidor en el Comercio
Electrónico |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/128/Add.1 22
March / marzo 2002 |
Colombia |
Web Page Excerpt:
Complaint Against Accredited Bodies or Against Electronic Commerce
Certification Bodies Extracto de Página Web: Denuncias Contra
Organismos Acreditados o Contra Entidades de Certificación de Comercio
Electrónico |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/131 3 June /
junio 2002 |
Canada Canadá |
e-Business Innovation in
Government Innovación de los Negocios Electrónicos en el Gobierno |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/132 3 June /
junio 2002 |
Brazil Brasil |
The Electronic Government
Policy in Brazil La Política de Gobierno Electrónico en Brasil |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/134 3 June /
junio 2002 |
Vice Chair Vicepresidente |
E-government: Definitions,
Benefits, Development, Examples E-government: Definiciones, Beneficios,
Desarrollos y Ejemplos. |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/135 4 June /
junio 2002 |
United States Estados
Unidos |
The US E-government
Experience La experiencia de Estados Unidos con el Gobierno
Electrónico |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/136 4 June /
junio 2002 |
United States Estados
Unidos |
The U.S. Approach to
Electronic Government: A Path to Improved Service Delivery and
Increased Citizen Participation and Interaction Enfoque Estadounidense
al Gobierno Electrónico: El Camino hacia la Mejor Prestación de
Servicios y Mayor Participación e Interacción del Ciudadano |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/137 4 June /
junio 2002 |
Caricom |
E-government in CARICOM
Gobierno electrónico en el CARICOM |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/138 4 June /
junio 2002 |
United States Estados
Unidos |
The U.S. E-government
Strategy Estrategia estadounidense en el Gobierno Electrónico |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/139 4 June /
junio 2002 |
United States Estados
Unidos |
The U.S. Approach to
Electronic Government: a Path to Improved Service Delivery and
Increased Citizen Participation and Interaction El Enfoque
Estadounidense del Gobierno Electrónico: Rumbo a una Mejor Prestación
de Servicios y Mayor Participación e Interacción Ciudadana |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/140 4 June /
junio 2002 |
El Salvador |
E-government Experiences
and Other Issues Algunas Experiencias E-gobierno y Otros Temas |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/141 4 June /
junio 2002 |
Andean Community Comunidad
Andina |
Electronic Government:
Oportunities and Challenges Gobierno Electrónico: Oportunidades y
Desafíos |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/141/Add.1 4
June / junio 2002 |
Andean Community - Ecuador
Comunidad Andina - Ecuador |
Online Government Gobierno
en línea |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/141/Add.2 4
June / junio 2002 |
Andean Community -
Venezuela Comunidad Andina - Venezuela |
Case Study: E-government
Venezuela Caso de Estudio: E-government Venezuela |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/141/Add.3 4
June / junio 2002 |
Andean Community - Bolivia
Comunidad Andina - Bolivia |
Online Government Gobierno
en Línea |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/141/Add.4 4
June / junio 2002 |
Andean Community - Colombia
Comunidad Andina - Colombia |
Connectivity Agenda:
Internet Leap Agenda de Conectividad: el Salto a Internet |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/142 4 June /
junio 2002 |
Costa Rica |
Electronic Government: The
Costa Rican Experience Gobierno electrónico: La experiencia de Costa
Rica |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/142/Add.1 4
June / junio 2002 |
Costa Rica |
Electronic Commerce:
E-government - The Costa Rican Experience Comercio Electrónico:
E-government: La experiencia de Costa Rica |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/143 4 June /
junio 2002 |
United States Estados
Unidos |
E-government and Trade
Gobiernos Electrónico y Comercio |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/143/Add.1 5
June / junio 2002 |
United States Estados
Unidos |
E-government and Trade
Gobiernos Electrónico y Comercio |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/145 4 June /
junio 2002 |
Brazil Brasil |
E-government: E-power
Gobiernos Electrónico: Poder Electrónico |
English Inglés |
FTAA.ecom/inf/146 5 June /
junio 2002 |
Chile |
Modernizing Chile's
Internal Tax Service - 1990 - 2001 Modernización del Servicio de
Impuestos Internos de Chile - 1990 - 2001 |
Spanish Español |
FTAA.ecom/inf/147 5 June /
junio 2002 |
Canada Canadá |
Latin America - Trade,
Tariffs and Competitiveness América Latina - Comercio, Aranceles y
Competitividad |
English Inglés |
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