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FTAA.ecom/05
November 1, 2002

FTAA – Joint Government-Private Sector Committee of Government Representatives on Electronic Commerce

Third Report with Recommendations


INTRODUCTION

The FTAA Joint Government-Private Sector Committee of Experts on Electronic Commerce (“the Joint Committee”) was established by the Western Hemisphere Trade Ministers, and was instructed by the Trade Negotiations Committee to “make recommendations to ministers on how to increase and broaden the benefits of electronic commerce and, in particular, how electronic commerce should be dealt with in the context of the FTAA negotiations.” Participation in the Joint Committee is open to all FTAA governments. Private sector representatives with expertise in the issues under discussion have also been invited by government representatives to attend and participate in the Joint Committee’s meetings.

The Joint Committee has already held, in two previous terms, useful discussions on a diverse range of issues. As noted in its second report, the Joint Committee pursues its mandate by considering, in a non-negotiating context, how e-commerce can be facilitated throughout the Hemisphere in the common interest. The Joint Committee’s Second Report to Ministers contained a list of suggestions for future work. With these suggestions in mind, the third term of the Joint Committee, under the leadership of Chair Catherine Dickson of Canada, and Vice-Chair Hugo Gallegos of Peru, developed a work plan which included meetings dedicated to three substantive topics including issues related to the digital divide, consumer protection, and e-government and other issues.

These issues were addressed through the presentation of national experiences and lessons learned, as well as discussions on relevant cross-border aspects. Trade-related aspects of e-commerce and the Joint Committee’s role within the context of the FTAA negotiations was also raised by several delegations. Again this year, the Joint Committee was greatly assisted in its work by the valuable contributions of the Tripartite Committee who conducted two surveys of ongoing work in other international fora that are relevant to the Joint Committee. Specifically, they prepared a review of ongoing work on the trade-related aspects of e-commerce (document FTAA.ecom/w/21/Rev.3) and on the role of e-commerce on the social and economic development in the region (document FTAA.ecom/w/25/Rev.1).

Following is a substantive review of the discussions under each of the general topics.


MEETING XI: DIGITAL DIVIDE

The topic of the 11th Meeting (October 24-26, 2001) of the Joint Committee was the Digital Divide. Three days were allocated for presentations of issues related to this topic including: a) access and infrastructure; b) SMEs; c) cooperation and mechanisms to reduce the digital divide, education, training of labour and business; d) authentication, certification, electronic signature; e) payment systems; f) obstacles and asymmetries; and g) other related issues. All countries confirmed that they had significant concerns on the issue.

Countries reviewed the issue of the Digital Divide and policies being developed and implemented to address this in various international fora. The G8 Dot Force and the United Nations ICT Task Force were identified as two key initiatives aimed at bridging the Digital Divide. Several interdependent elements were also identified that, if addressed together, would help to increase digital opportunities. These elements included: advancing the development of information infrastructures and broadening access; enhancing training; increasing availability of relevant content; encouraging use of information technologies to address social needs such as education and health care; creating an appropriate legal environment for e-commerce; and promoting e-government.

Representatives from a number of countries reviewed general and specific issues and challenges related to the digital divide that directly affect their countries, and outlined the national efforts aimed at addressing these issues.

There is a digital divide that is directly related to the socio-economic differences within and between the FTAA member countries.

The delegations understand that the FTAA will yield greater benefits for the parties if the current differences in technological development between the member countries, where information and communication technologies (ICTs) should be seen as tools that are indispensable for development and not as ends in and of themselves, are minimized.

The incorporation of ICTs and the implementation of specific models by the FTAA member countries should be in consideration of the specific realities of the countries and the socio-economic differences between them.

International discussions of digital divide issues and domestic efforts in individual countries are increasingly taking on coordinated and comprehensive efforts to close the digital divide. Among specific issues identified as relevant to the digital divide were: infrastructure and access; training and development of abilities; development of content; encouragement of research and development, and the local production of hardware and software; implementation of on-line credit card payment systems; innovative programs to broaden the use of information technology and the internet in schools; and benefits arising from close cooperation between government and business on key aspects of e-commerce.

National programs and international efforts across the region, that were discussed, are attempting to address the full range of issues that are essential to convert the digital divide into digital opportunities. The focus has moved from simple access to coordinated and interdependent policies, and in particular, access to improve health, education and economic development.

The importance of the role of information and communication technology in development was highlighted. Delegations recognized the existence of numerous alternative access devices and the need to promote affordable access and infrastructure deployment through a pro-competitive telecommunications and information marketplace. Delegations also recognized the work of the International Telecommunications Union, Study Group on Promotion of Infrastructure and Use of the Internet in Developing Countries and by the OECD Committee for Information, Computer and Communications Policy (ICCP). The Joint Committee further recognized that governments may also play a critical role in assisting in providing connectivity for those segments of society that are falling behind or most at risk by supplementing competition policies with targeted support for underserved groups.

Efforts to encourage IT training and provide greater end-user and teacher training were also identified as critical to convert the digital divide into digital opportunities. Discussions focused on the importance of developing human capacity through the use of education and IT training, as a means to generate a pool of qualified IT users and professionals. By giving both end users and teachers the appropriate IT skills, it is possible to create a workforce that will be highly adaptable to changing technologies, and therefore, more competitive in the new global digital economy. In response, a variety of governmental programs, and public/private partnerships, have been established across the region, geared towards both businesses and citizens.

In addition to education and training, discussions recognized the importance of encouraging the utilization of electronic commerce and motivating end users to participate. In order for e-commerce to be successful, users must find applications and content that they want and will find useful. Business and the public will make the effort to take advantage of digital opportunities only if they find that e-commerce meets their needs and provides them with value. Business applications must provide ‘value-added’ by providing new or different business opportunities, or making operations easier or more efficient and citizens must be given access to new or different information, or better goods or services, or cheaper or better products. E-government attracts users to the internet by putting valuable content and government services online. This makes transactions more efficient and thus encourages businesses and individuals to participate in e-commerce, also making e-government functions more efficient. Content must also be available in a form that users recognize and find culturally appropriate. For that reason, the development of local and regional content within the FTAA framework is important to reduce the digital divide and create digital opportunities across the Hemisphere.


Recommendations by the Joint Committee:

1. FTAA countries should encourage the existence of close cooperation, domestically and within the hemisphere, among governments, business, and citizens -- the stakeholders -- in identifying and addressing all the factors necessary to reduce the digital divide and take full advantage of digital opportunities.

2. FTAA countries should cooperate within the hemisphere to encourage the establishment of public/private partnerships geared towards citizens and businesses, and designed to:

a) broaden access to, and promote development of, information infrastructures,

b) encourage the use of information technologies and e-commerce,

c) promote digital opportunities resulting from the growth in electronic commerce by framing laws and regulations that govern the main aspects of international electronic commerce among the countries of the hemisphere, and

d) advance the use of information technologies to meet social needs, such as education and medical care.

3. FTAA countries should promote policies aimed at closing the digital divide, by supporting the continued development of e-commerce within small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and rural sectors, and should provide for the corresponding training programs.

4. FTAA countries should consider mechanisms to measure progress made by the various sectors in closing the digital divide.

5. FTAA countries should promote the availability of alternative internet access devices and affordable access and infrastructure, and recognize that promoting competition in information and communication technologies is important to improving access. Further, FTAA countries should support, sponsor and execute community access projects that will facilitate wide-spread use of the internet at reasonable prices, taking into account the economic reality of our countries.

6. Concrete efforts should be made to improve and broaden the level of education and the training provided to professionals and technicians in the use of new technologies.

7. Domestic stimulus programs should be considered, to encourage technological developments in each member country to enable the incorporation of technologies into local processes, spur innovation and to create new entrepreneurial ventures.

8. Concrete actions should be identified domestically to stimulate the production of local information and online content, to be accessed via the Internet.

MEETING XII: CONSUMER PROTECTION

The topic of the 12th Meeting (February 13-15, 2002) of the Joint Committee was Consumer Protection, including the following issues: a) security, privacy, protection from fraud, contracts; b) authentication, certification, electronic signature; c) dispute resolution; d) obstacles and asymmetries; and e) other related issues. Presentations were made by delegations on a number of issues related to this topic and emphasised that an essential precondition to the continued and expanded use of e-commerce is ensuring consumer confidence in this new means of transacting business.

It was recognized that consumers’ concerns about e-commerce transactions include technical and legal security of the transaction, privacy of personal information submitted to the commercial enterprise, and the trustworthiness of the merchant. FTAA governments recognize that addressing these concerns satisfactorily would stimulate e-commerce growth.

National and international initiatives, by both governments and the private sector, were identified to address consumer protection in the electronic marketplace, including issues related to: (1) legal framework and electronic contracts; (2) data protection and privacy policy; and (3) electronic signatures. The issue of jurisdiction and applicable law for dispute settlement for e-commerce transactions was identified as critical to consumer confidence. Solutions at the international level would help to achieve our shared goals of global e-commerce growth, consumer confidence and predictability of transactions.

Elements of a coordinated national approach to the issue of on-line consumer protection, and to increasing consumer confidence in e-commerce were also identified. These include: (1) government implementation and enforcement of laws prohibiting fraudulent or misleading conduct; (2) private sector initiatives; (3) consumer and business education; and (4) international cooperation. With respect to cross-border supply of services, standards and interoperability between foreign and domestic electronic payments systems were identified as important. In addition, it was recognized that approaches to consumer protection vary among FTAA countries.

As discussed during the 12th meeting, and recognized by the Committee in the prior reports to the Trade Ministers, an essential prerequisite to the continued and expanded use of e-commerce is ensuring consumer confidence. The following recommendations build on those in the first Report to Trade Ministers by incorporating ideas raised during this session. They are key elements for building consumer confidence in domestic and international e-commerce throughout the hemisphere.

Recommendations by the Joint Committee:

1. FTAA countries should protect consumers, both domestic and international, from illegal, fraudulent, deceptive, and unfair on-line practices through cooperation and information sharing among consumer protection authorities.

2. FTAA countries should foster an environment for developing and implementing secure and effective electronic payment systems and protections that are easily available to the business community and consumers and that maximizes the benefits of electronic commerce and enhances its growth.


3. FTAA countries should consider working with industry and consumer groups in multilateral venues to address e-commerce issues and to encourage the development of compatible legal and policy frameworks for consumer protection. Promote consumer and business education about the risks and benefits of conducting transactions online and utilize the experience and resources of consumer and industry groups to supplement government education programs. Encourage industry and consumer groups to refer consumer complaints, as appropriate, to law enforcement agencies.

4. FTAA countries should consider cooperating in the establishment of mechanisms for enhancing consumer confidence in e-commerce, including guidelines on consumer protection, which could assist FTAA countries in their eventual review of current consumer protection, consumers in determining what they should look for when shopping online, and the private sector in adopting self-regulatory measures such as codes of conduct and trustmark programs. To achieve these goals, delegations are encouraged to consider completion of the survey on approaches to consumer protection so that the results can be compiled.

5. FTAA countries should promote and cooperate in developing industry, consumer, and government joint initiatives to provide consumers with fair and timely means to settle disputes arising through e-commerce and obtain redress without undue cost or burden to the consumer and to the extent possible, should utilize online technologies and platforms to promote efficiency and accessibility.

6. Efforts should also be made to strengthen the ability of the competent authorities in consumer protection, to process claims arising as a result of electronic commerce.

MEETING XIII: E-GOVERNMENT AND OTHER ISSUES

The topic of the 13th Meeting (June 3-5, 2002) of the Joint Committee was e-government and other issues including: a) national experiences on collection of taxes and duties on line; b) information sharing; c) e-procurement; d) production of local digital content and online distribution of government services and government content; e) trade related aspects; f) obstacles and asymmetries; and g) other related issues to e-government.

Several delegations noted that e-government is an effective tool to help achieve modernization of the State, share government information and facilitate transparency of administrative processes. E-government can enhance traditional government functions through greater efficiencies and improvements in the delivery of services; increased public participation in decision-making; greater transparency in the availability of information to the public and accountability of government officials; and improved interaction with business: licensing and domestic regulation, procurement, tax collection, commercial assistance and trade facilitation activities.

There was general agreement that e-government involves more than putting existing government services, processes and procedures on the Internet. Several delegations agreed that substantial re-engineering of government’s products and processes around citizens and business would be needed to take full advantage of the opportunities offered to governments to efficiently implement programs and policies and to meet objectives. However, delegations recognized that e-government should be implemented gradually and that there is no single model to develop e-government. The Joint Committee recognized that e-government is an evolutionary process and that FTAA Governments are increasingly devoting capital and human resources to its development. Governments across the hemisphere have made the adoption of ICT tools and associated institutional reforms a high priority. Delegations shared the perspective that this would require ongoing political will and commitment to implement policies in government so that cross-cutting government-wide processes and information could be available on-line. Further, delegations noted that successful e-government initiatives involve an enterprise vision: a set of common standards or operating procedures that all sub units will follow, and an enterprise architecture to transform processes and systems that cut across the organization. A number of challenges to implementing e-government were identified by delegations, such as: the implementation cost and organizational structure required; lack of ICT skills; and the particular difficulty faced by smaller countries with limited internet availability and geographically diverse populations. Numerous governments shared information about pilot projects that they have developed in key areas of national priority to build broad support and credibility for e-government.

Despite challenges, e-government tools are being embraced by leaders at all levels to help accelerate economic integration and development, and to better compete in the global economy. The importance of e-government to facilitating trade, for example by on-line procurement, was identified. While most countries consider the development of e-government to be national programs, in this globally interdependent and integrated world of trade and commerce, the benefits and efficiencies of e-government extend beyond national borders.

Many e-government programs and initiatives affect the way governments relate to their citizens and users of the service, including business and industry. Examples include e-government initiatives designed to provide one source for users of the service to find, fill-out, submit, and receive approval for all government-required forms, permits, etc.; government-wide integrated procurement systems in which vendors can go to one place to find procurement opportunities, submit proposals and close deals; and initiatives to ensure inter-operability among existing business systems and governments to ensure cross-border communication, thereby eliminating the need for multiple reporting, and reducing user transaction costs. Initiatives such as these are transforming government-to-business interaction, both in terms of the content and form of information and assistance, practices and procedures.

As the Joint e-commerce Committee has examined throughout its discussions, the efficiencies and expanded reach of global e-commerce can be an engine of economic and trade integration. A fully integrated, inter-operable e-trade environment would benefit governments, business and civil society. E-government can foster global e-commerce and trade by facilitating and streamlining international trade. The Joint Committee and other international fora have been exploring the benefits of e-government, establishing dialogues to share information about experiences and successful models for e-government, and examining the relationship between e-government and economic development. The Joint Committee recognizes the value of international discussions that are focusing on sharing practical information and learning on e-government. In this respect, the Committee took note of the Pacific Council on International Policy’s, Working Group on E-government in the Developing World, which produced The Roadmap for E-government in The Developing World: 10 Questions E-government Leaders Should Ask Themselves, a series of guidelines that e-government leaders can adopt, and adapt to their particular circumstances, in developing e-government strategies.

Recommendations by the Joint Committee:

1. FTAA countries should recognize that e-government and e-commerce can foster international trade.

2. FTAA countries should recognize that e-government can facilitate transparency, simplification, effectiveness and efficiency of government processes.

3. FTAA countries should recognize that e-government involves more than putting existing government services, processes and procedures on the Internet and that substantial re-engineering of government’s products and processes around citizens and business would be needed to take full advantage of the opportunities offered to governments to efficiently implement programs and policies and to meet objectives.

4. FTAA countries should recognize that e-government initiatives with the most likelihood of success are those which have a clearly defined objective, that are developed in cooperation with users to reflect their needs and priorities, and that have project performance benchmarks. The e-government initiatives should be developed in phases or as discrete projects, and involve substantial re-engineering of government products and processes with a user-centred focus rather than a focus on the organization of government, seeking to transform the processes and systems that cut across the organization by incorporating new technologies.

CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE FUTURE

Members of the Joint Committee have benefited tremendously from the exchange of information and national experiences that has been shared over the last three sessions. There are different points of view about the future work of the Committee. Some delegations question what activities and purpose are still relevant for the Committee and suggest that the function of the group be re-defined. Some delegations raised the issue of whether or not the committee should remain domiciled in the FTAA, transferred to another venue (OAS or Summit Process), or be eliminated.

Some delegations understand that the approach to e-commerce should move from discussion, to action. Programs should be designed to assist the FTAA countries in harnessing the benefits of e-commerce, and developing tools necessary to implement the FTAA. In this sense, some delegations consider that in compliance with the Ministerial mandate, it is essential that the Joint Committee continue its work within the FTAA with a new working agenda, which includes the suggestions and recommendations that came out of the discussions held within the Committee, and other topics related to electronic commerce.

Some delegations propose that examination of the following topics could be considered during the next period: a) designing or developing guidelines or recommendations on e-commerce for the governments of the Hemisphere, such as, for example, to assist countries in their implementation of their domestic electronic commerce laws and eventual review of current consumer protection laws; and b) projects that deliver practical business solutions to facilitate e-commerce and trade. Some delegations consider that the Committee, during its fourth term, should examine and make recommendations on how e-commerce should be dealt with in the context of the FTAA negotiations, in accordance with the mandate received at the Buenos Aires Ministerial.

Some delegations understand that there was not sufficient substantive discussion, which would make it possible to define a new work program, and therefore they understand that it is not possible to express an opinion at this time as to whether or not the Joint Committee should continue.

These issues should be addressed for clarification and resolution at the Quito Ministerial, unless they are resolved at the TNC in Santo Domingo.
 

ANNEX

LIST OF POSSIBLE DOCUMENTS FOR POSTING ON THE PUBLIC FTAA SITE

Descriptor Date / Fecha Country / País Title / Título Original Language / Idioma Original
FTAA.ecom/inf/101 24 October / octubre 2001 Canada Canadá The Small vs. Large Business Divide:Overcoming Barriers & Identifying Solutions for Canadian SMEs La Brecha entre las Grandes y Pequeñas Empresas: Cómo Superar Barreras e Identificar Soluciones para las PYMES Canadienses English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/102 24 October / octubre 2001 United States Estados Unidos Increasing Digital Opportunity Cómo Aumentar la Oportunidad Digital English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/103 24 October / octubre 2001 United States Estados Unidos Information Technology - Literacy and Training Tecnología de la Información - Aprendizaje y Capacitación English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/104 24 October / octubre 2001 United States Estados Unidos Educational Innovation and Digital Opportunity Innovación Educativa y Oportunidades Digitales English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/104/Add.1 24 October / octubre 2001 United States Estados Unidos Educational Innovation and Digital Opportunity Innovación Educativa y Oportunidades Digitales English - Spanish Inglés - Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/104/Add.1/Rev.1 24 October / octubre 2001 United States Estados Unidos Educational Innovation and Digital Opportunity Innovación Educativa y Oportunidades Digitales English - Spanish Inglés - Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/105 24 October / octubre 2001 United States Estados Unidos Developing and Broadening Access to Information Technologies in the United States Expansión y Ampliación del Acceso a las Tecnologías de la Información en Estados Unidos English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/106 24 October / octubre 2001 United States Estados Unidos International Efforts to Foster Digital Opportunities Esfuerzos Internacionales para Promover las Oportunidades Digitales English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/107 24 October / octubre 2001 Brazil Brasil The Digital Divide and Brazil La Brecha Digital y Brasil English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/108 24 October / octubre 2001 Uruguay Internet Payment Server Servidores de Pago para Internet Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/109 24 October / octubre 2001 Argentina CABASE Study Estudio CABASE Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/109/Add.1 24 October / octubre 2001 Argentina Reference Document - CABASE Study Documento de Referencia Estudio CABASE Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/109/Add.1/Rev.1 24 October / octubre 2001 Argentina Reference Document - CABASE Study Documento de Referencia - Estudio CABASE Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/110 24 October / octubre 2001 Ecuador Digital Divide Brecha Digital Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/111 24 October / octubre 2001 Peru Perú Digital Divide: The Situation in Peru and the Role of the State Brecha Digital: Situación y Rol del Estado en el Perú Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/112 24 October / octubre 2001 Colombia The Digital Divide Brecha Digital Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/113 24 October / octubre 2001 Andean Community Comunidad Andina The Andean Community Perspective on the Digital Divide Perspectiva de la Comunidad Andina sobre la Brecha Digital Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/118 15 February / febrero 2002 United States Estados Unidos The U.S. Approach to Consumer Protection in the online world Enfoque Estadounidense acerca de la Protección al Consumidor en el Mundo en Línea English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/119 13 February / febrero 2002 Mexico México PROFECO in the Context of Electronic Commerce La PROFECO en el Contexto del Comercio Electrónico Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/121 15 February / febrero 2002 United States Estados Unidos Background Document Documento de Referencia English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/122 13 February / febrero 2002 United States Estados Unidos The U.S. Approach to Consumer Protection in the Online World El Enfoque Estadounidense Hacia la Protección al Consumidor en el Mundo en Línea English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/123 14 February / febrero 2002 United States Estados Unidos Survey on Consumer Protection Encuesta sobre protección al consumidor English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/124 14 February / febrero 2002 Peru Perú Peru’s Legal Framework for Electronic Commerce and Some Implications for Consumer Protection Marco Legal Peruano en Comercio Electrónico y Algunas Implicancias en la Protección al Consumidor Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/126 27 February / febrero 2002 Brazil Brasil E-commerce and Consumer Protection Legal Aspects Comercio Electrónico y Aspectos Legales de Protección al Consumidor English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/127 27 February / febrero 2002 Brazil Brasil Consumer Protection and Defense in Electronic Commerce Protección y Defensa del Consumidor en el Comercio Electrónico Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/128 22 March / marzo 2002 Colombia Some Views on Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce Algunas Consideraciones sobre la Protección al Consumidor en el Comercio Electrónico Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/128/Add.1 22 March / marzo 2002 Colombia Web Page Excerpt: Complaint Against Accredited Bodies or Against Electronic Commerce Certification Bodies Extracto de Página Web: Denuncias Contra Organismos Acreditados o Contra Entidades de Certificación de Comercio Electrónico Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/131 3 June / junio 2002 Canada Canadá e-Business Innovation in Government Innovación de los Negocios Electrónicos en el Gobierno English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/132 3 June / junio 2002 Brazil Brasil The Electronic Government Policy in Brazil La Política de Gobierno Electrónico en Brasil English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/134 3 June / junio 2002 Vice Chair Vicepresidente E-government: Definitions, Benefits, Development, Examples E-government: Definiciones, Beneficios, Desarrollos y Ejemplos. Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/135 4 June / junio 2002 United States Estados Unidos The US E-government Experience La experiencia de Estados Unidos con el Gobierno Electrónico English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/136 4 June / junio 2002 United States Estados Unidos The U.S. Approach to Electronic Government: A Path to Improved Service Delivery and Increased Citizen Participation and Interaction Enfoque Estadounidense al Gobierno Electrónico: El Camino hacia la Mejor Prestación de Servicios y Mayor Participación e Interacción del Ciudadano English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/137 4 June / junio 2002 Caricom E-government in CARICOM Gobierno electrónico en el CARICOM English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/138 4 June / junio 2002 United States Estados Unidos The U.S. E-government Strategy Estrategia estadounidense en el Gobierno Electrónico English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/139 4 June / junio 2002 United States Estados Unidos The U.S. Approach to Electronic Government: a Path to Improved Service Delivery and Increased Citizen Participation and Interaction El Enfoque Estadounidense del Gobierno Electrónico: Rumbo a una Mejor Prestación de Servicios y Mayor Participación e Interacción Ciudadana English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/140 4 June / junio 2002 El Salvador E-government Experiences and Other Issues Algunas Experiencias E-gobierno y Otros Temas Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/141 4 June / junio 2002 Andean Community Comunidad Andina Electronic Government: Oportunities and Challenges Gobierno Electrónico: Oportunidades y Desafíos Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/141/Add.1 4 June / junio 2002 Andean Community - Ecuador Comunidad Andina - Ecuador Online Government Gobierno en línea Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/141/Add.2 4 June / junio 2002 Andean Community - Venezuela Comunidad Andina - Venezuela Case Study: E-government Venezuela Caso de Estudio: E-government Venezuela Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/141/Add.3 4 June / junio 2002 Andean Community - Bolivia Comunidad Andina - Bolivia Online Government Gobierno en Línea Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/141/Add.4 4 June / junio 2002 Andean Community - Colombia Comunidad Andina - Colombia Connectivity Agenda: Internet Leap Agenda de Conectividad: el Salto a Internet Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/142 4 June / junio 2002 Costa Rica Electronic Government: The Costa Rican Experience Gobierno electrónico: La experiencia de Costa Rica Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/142/Add.1 4 June / junio 2002 Costa Rica Electronic Commerce: E-government - The Costa Rican Experience Comercio Electrónico: E-government: La experiencia de Costa Rica Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/143 4 June / junio 2002 United States Estados Unidos E-government and Trade Gobiernos Electrónico y Comercio English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/143/Add.1 5 June / junio 2002 United States Estados Unidos E-government and Trade Gobiernos Electrónico y Comercio English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/145 4 June / junio 2002 Brazil Brasil E-government: E-power Gobiernos Electrónico: Poder Electrónico English Inglés
FTAA.ecom/inf/146 5 June / junio 2002 Chile Modernizing Chile's Internal Tax Service - 1990 - 2001 Modernización del Servicio de Impuestos Internos de Chile - 1990 - 2001 Spanish Español
FTAA.ecom/inf/147 5 June / junio 2002 Canada Canadá Latin America - Trade, Tariffs and Competitiveness América Latina - Comercio, Aranceles y Competitividad English Inglés
 
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